Frank-Ly é uma dodd-le!
So, what do the President-elect Trump’s plans mean for key pieces of legislation, the Fed’s independence, US inflation, long-term interest rates, bond prices and M&A activity?
Terceirização de negócios UKThe Glass-Steagall Act was introduced after the 1930’s Wall Street crash to separate the commercial and investment banking activities to afford greater protection for depositor monies and regulate banks’ investment risk. The act was later repealed by Clinton’s government. The Republicans argued that the Democrats were responsible for creating instability from the excesses of the banks such as Goldman Sachs who they saw as positioned with their party. Trump would like to see this Act brought back to life in as much as to appease his populist voters but it will also mean a flurry of demerger activity from the resultant breakup of the larger banks. On the other hand, the banks could see some easing of restrictions on stress testing of their balance sheets and ability to invest their own money. It would mean pushing through the Finance Choice Act promoted by the party’s House of Representatives’ Financial Services Committee and repealing the Volcker Rule which bans proprietary trading.
The Wall Street crash was followed by the US housing and loans crisis of the 80’s after Reagan’s enactment of the Garn-St Germain Act. The deregulation of the banking industry occurred after the lifting of the gold standard and a period of hyper inflation, around 15%, during Carter’s presidency and destroyed many of the thrift banks. Interest caps were lifted, insurance on deposits was increased, and capital requirement was reduced. The earlier Tax Reform act, spurned the creation of artificial tax shelters, by restricting accelerated property depreciation, allowing passive property losses to be offset against other income whilst property appraisal laws were relaxed and thus encouraging artificial land flipping and ballooning of property debt which lead to the collapse of the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC).
The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in 2010, was President Obama’s response to the earlier decade-long global recession and US housing crisis, fuelled by subprime mortgages. The act was promoted by the Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren who was also the patron of the Glass-Steagall Act. Amongst other things, the Frank-Dodd Act introduced an independent consumer bureau to regulate financial institutions and make transparent the dealing of derivatives and restrict the Feds ability to bail out ailing and irresponsible entities. This was after the insurance and mortgage and banking debacle of 2008 when the US government took an eighty percent stake in AIG providing an $85bn bailout package and also rescued Freddie Mae and Freddie Mack but allowed Lehman brothers to go to the wall. The Republicans are very critical of this extensive legislation arguing that it has spawned enumerable and ineffective government agencies; a smack on the face of liberty and the placing of an unnecessary strangle hold on the financial industries ability to do business.
So, it does seem that it will be a case of out with the new and in with the old. It appears that Trump will get rid of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and water down the Dodd-Frank Act hoping to breathe life into the strait-jacketed financial institutions. At the same time, we may see the reincarnation of the Glass Steagle Act and the slacking of the US bank’s balance sheets and this may well lead to a flurry of M&A activity before the next midterm elections.
O que está por vir para o Fed? Há a conversa de ambas as partes para obter mais supervisão política e auditoria do Fed. O Congresso é responsável pela implementação da política fiscal na regulação da economia dos EUA, mas até a vitória de Trump, a capacidade de aplicar gatilhos fiscais significativos tem sido lenta e restrita. Portanto, o Fed através de seus sete governadores teve que pilotar a economia dos EUA através do uso de ferramentas monetárias, como fornecimento monetário, taxas de juros, emissão de dívidas e medidas quantitativas de flexibilização. A inflação está abaixo de 2pc, mas aumentando viril devido ao aumento dos custos de abrigo e energia, o Fed deve aumentar as taxas de juros novamente no próximo mês em 2pc, o último aumento nas taxas de juros foi em dezembro do ano passado após uma década de revestimento plano. Janet Yellen, presidente do Fed, alertou Trump que a intromissão política afastará a hiperinflação se o Fed for forçado a dançar os governos. As taxas de juros permanecerão relativamente baixas, desde que a economia não superaqueça os planos expansionários fiscais extraviados. O máximo que podemos esperar é uma maior supervisão do Fed pelos legisladores e pela independência contínua do Fed.
Há sinais de uma tendência perigosa; Cada uma das crises financeiras anteriores foi seguida pelos respectivos novos governos que introduzem peças de desregulamentação rápida apenas a serem seguidas por fraude de controle institucional. Estamos, portanto, indo para repetir o mesmo remédio? O banco central tem o papel de controlar a oferta de dinheiro e, nos EUA, é o Fed. O Fed faz isso de várias maneiras; Pela emissão de projetos de lei em nome do governo dos EUA, operações de mercado aberto na compra e venda de títulos, notas e bills de segunda mão, estabelecendo reservas mínimas para os bancos dos EUA e propondo a taxa de fundo federal interbancária apropriada. No entanto, a capacidade do Fed de regular as taxas de juros tem sido cada vez mais temperada pelos vigilantes que operam no mercado de títulos em expansão por algumas estimativas próximas a US $ 100 trilhões (consulte a página 18 em
Finally, I would like to turn to the question of bond prices and bond vigilantes. The central bank has the role of controlling the money supply and in the US it is the Fed. The Fed does this in several ways; by the issuance of bills on behalf of the US government, Open Market Operations in the buying and selling of second-hand bonds, notes and T-bills, setting minimum reserves for the US banks and proposing the appropriate interbank Federal Fund Rate. However, the ability of the Fed to regulate interest rates has been increasingly tempered by the vigilantes operating in the burgeoning bond market by some estimates close to $100 trillion (see page 18 in Https: //www.bis.org/pdred/qtrpdf/r_qt1403.pdfd | Vimos a influência dos investidores de títulos durante o reinado de Clinton, quando ele queria aumentar os gastos e conectar o déficit orçamentário aos empréstimos. A resposta do investidor em títulos foi vender suas participações, causando uma caminhada nos rendimentos e, assim, restringir os planos de gastos de Clinton. Após o choque dos recentes resultados das eleições de 2016, quase um trilhão foi eliminado do mercado de títulos, equivalente a um aumento de 1PC no rendimento. Estamos experimentando uma repetição do que aconteceu durante o tempo de Clinton. Os vigilantes estão se preparando para descarregar seus investimentos diante do aumento previsto da taxa prevista do Fed e dos planos de gastos fiscais e reduções de impostos de Trump, sua redução de imigração e importações baratas da China e do México. A ameaça de aumento da inflação prejudicará os titulares que recebem juros fixa de cupom e, portanto, os preços dos títulos cairão criando trilhões de perda de investimento e aumento do rendimento. O novo governo pode ter que reconsiderar como pretende conectar o déficit público. Frank-ly é um Dodd-le, certo? BG_IMAGE_POSIITON = "Center Center" SD_MARGIN_BOTTOM = "0PX"]), about a third of which is in US securities. We saw the influence of the bond investors during Clinton’s reign when he wanted to boost spending and plug the budget deficit with borrowings. The bond investor’s response was to sell off their holdings causing a hike in the yields and thus curtailing Clinton’s spending plans. After the shock of the recent 2016 election results, almost a trillion was wiped off the bond market, equivalent to a 1pc yield increase. We are experiencing a repeat of what happened during Clinton’s time. The vigilantes are preparing to offload their investments in the face of Fed’s anticipated rate increase and Trump’s fiscal spending and tax reductions plans, his curtailment of immigration and cheap imports from China and Mexico. The threat of rising inflation will hurt the bond holders who receive fixed coupon interest and thus bond prices will fall creating trillions of loss in investment and rising yields. The new government may have to reconsider how it intends to plug the public deficit. Frank-ly it is a Dodd-le, right?
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Article written by Haroon Rafique (Principal, Meer & Co Chartered Accountants and Tax Consultants)
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